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Tactical Analysis: How Erik Ten Hag made Manchester United vulnerable

Erik Ten Hag’s tactical setup has blunted the attack and exposed United’s defense滕哈格的战术设计削弱了曼联的进攻，让防线暴露在对手面前

作者：Pauly Kwestel翻译：海绵叔叔666（微博）

“That is, we want to be the best transition team in the world. We want to surprise.”

“我们希望成为世界上最好的攻守转换球队。我们想给大家一个惊叹。

That’s what Manchester United manager Erik Ten Hag said last summer when asked about how he wanted his team to play this year. United has certainly surprised this season - albeit that surprise has been at how bad they are in regards to both attacking in transition and stopping transitions.

这是去年夏天曼联主帅滕哈格在被问及他希望球队今年如何踢球时所说的。曼联本赛季的表现确实令人惊叹——但让人惊叹的是他们在球权转换（无论进攻还是防守）的表现有多糟糕。

There was no surprise last season when United led the league in direct attacks and scored 10 times from counterattacks. This is a team with players suited to playing that style.

上赛季，曼联在直接进攻（direct attack）领跑英超联赛，打进了10个反击进球，考虑曼联拥有适合这种风格的球员，这很正常。

This season has been a much different story. United are just fourth in the league in direct attacks. That fall has less to do with other teams eclipsing the 2.68 direct attacks United had per game this season than the fact that number has fallen to 2.25. United’s sequence time has risen while their direct speed has gone from 1.35 seconds last season to 1.89 this season.

这个赛季的情况大不相同。曼联的直接进攻次数在联赛中排名第四。这一下降与其说是其他球队，不如说是曼联本赛季场均直接进攻次数从2.68次下降到2.25次。曼联的直接进攻时间提升，从上赛季的1.35秒上升到本赛季的1.89秒。

There could be several reasons behind these changes. Most likely it’s a tactical choice. United are trying to build out from the back more. It’s also not necessarily your fault. Sometimes you play teams who set out to not let you counterattack.

这些变化背后可能有几个原因。这很可能是一种战术选择，曼联正试图更多从后场进攻。当然这也不一定是曼联的错，有时对手一开始就不让你反击。（毕竟大家都知道曼联擅长什么）

The same can’t be said for United’s vulnerability against transitions. All season long United have been conceding counterattacks and cutback goals. Over the weekend a video that has since been taken down went viral on Twitter showing all the cutbacks United have conceded this season and both of the goals in Saturday’s 2-1 loss to Nottingham Forest were scored in this matter. That this is still an issue after four months of signals that this is not a matter of players being out with injuries, or inconsistencies in the back four, but simply a structural failure that has not been addressed by the coaches.

但是针对曼联在进攻转换体系的脆弱性，要注意到整个赛季，曼联一直在面对对手的反击（counter attack）和倒三角（cut back）中丢球。上周末一段被删除的视频在外国微博上疯传，展示了曼联本赛季的所有失球（全是反击和倒三角），周六1-2输给诺丁汉森林的两粒进球同样。这四个月来丢了这么多类似的球，不是球员因伤缺阵或四后卫人选不稳定就可以带过，这是教练设计的战术里的结构性问题导致的。

United’s vulnerability to counterattacks comes directly from Erik Ten Hag’s tactical setup. It starts with the way Ten Hag has his team attack.

曼联在面对反击中的脆弱性直接来自滕哈格的战术设置。这要从滕哈格的球队进攻方式说起。

54 minutes and 43 seconds into Saturday’s match against Nottingham Forest Manchester United attempted their second shot of the match. The shot came from left-back Diogo Dalot at the top of the Forest box.

在周六对阵诺丁汉森林的比赛进行到54分43秒时，曼联尝试了本场比赛的第二次射门。左后卫达洛特在森林禁区弧顶处射门。

Now take a look at United’s first shot of the match, taken in the 33rd minute. Notice anything similar?

这是曼联本场比赛的第一脚射门（第33分钟）。注意到类似的东西了吗？

That’s right back Aaron Wan-Bissaka blasting away from the top of the box. Through 67 minutes on Saturday United had just two shots, and both came from fullbacks. Those two shots are a perfect way to sum up how Erik Ten Hag’s tactics are contributing to United’s attacking and defensive struggles.

这脚射门是由右后卫万比萨卡同样在禁区弧顶处。在前67分钟，曼联只有两次射门，而且都是来自边后卫。这两个镜头完美地总结了滕哈格的战术如何导致了曼联在攻防两端挣扎。

The second shot has been the quintessential attacking setup United have had this year. The winger is pinned to the touchline while the fullback comes narrow to attack the dangerous areas. The sequence starts with a narrow Wan-Bissaka (the RB) playing the ball out wide to Amad Diallo (the right winger). After passing AWB begins running straight up the pitch.

第二脚射门是曼联今年典型的进攻阵型。边锋被固定在边线，而边后卫则内收在中路和肋部攻击敌手的防线。比赛开始时，内收的万比萨卡（RB）将球传给边路的阿马德-迪亚洛（RW）。传球后，小万开始直接前插上前。

With Amad receiving out wide, and the Forest defender tracking Wan-Bissaka’s run there isn’t anywhere for him to go other than straight up the line. That requires United’s attacking midfielder, Bruno Fernandes to make the wide run to the touchline and give Amad a passing option.

阿马德在边路接球，森林后卫跟随万比萨卡的跑动，小万除了直接前插外也没其他选择。这需要曼联的攻击型中场BF拉边往底线跑动，提供给阿马德一个传球选择。

Amad makes the simple pass up the line but the result is, United’s right winger and best attacking midfielder out of the play in the wide spaces, while their known-for-his-defensive qualities right back is the one pushing up to attack the dangerous spaces.

阿马德在边路进行了简单的传球，但结果是曼联的右边锋和最好的攻击中场在边路空间中缺席，而他们的右后卫（以防守著称）反而是进攻对手危险区域的人。

In this case, Wan-Bissaka does a good job firing a first-touch cutback to the top of the box where it’s met by Dalot whose shot hits off the post.

在这种情况下，万-比萨卡做得很好，他在禁区弧顶处第一次触球后射门，达洛特的射门击中了立柱。（译者注：这是一个很滕哈格的攻击设计，在ajax的比赛里常能看到）

This is Ten Hag’s system. He picks wingers who prefer to cut inside and shoot whenever they can and has them hold wide positions away from the goal. He picks a midfield comprised of three players who all operate best just outside or inside the box and has them hold defensive positions so his fullbacks - neither of whom are known for being particularly great going forward - can be the attackers.

（原作者也解释了这个原则）这是滕哈格的体系。他使用喜欢内切射门的边锋，然后他们在远离球门的地方（作为诱饵）吸引防守拉开空间。他喜欢使用攻守兼备的三中场，可以杀入禁区也可以在中路占据位置，这样他的边后卫压上成为前锋攻击对手。（译者注：这是滕哈格的战术风格，对于中后场球员的要求必须非常全面）

Take a look at the Dalot shot again. That ball falls right to a position that would want either Christian Eriksen or Scott McTominay to be in, but instead, they’re hanging back to cover for the attacking runs of the fullbacks.

再看看达洛特的镜头。这个球正好落在一个需要埃里克森或麦克托米奈的位置，但相反，他们正在后退以掩护边后卫的进攻跑动。、

Is it any surprise all your attackers are struggling when you’re not letting them get into the positions they operate best in because you want your fullbacks to be there? Is it any surprise the attack is struggling when you’re running everything through fullbacks who aren’t all that creative? Is it any surprise that you might be vulnerable going the other way when you leave two midfielders to protect your back four, neither of whom is particularly good at doing that?

但当你不让球员进入他们最擅长的位置时，你的所有攻击球员都会很挣扎。因为你想让你的边后卫去做攻击手的工作，这有什么奇怪的？当你通过那些没有那么有创造力的边后卫来跑动时进攻一定难搞，这有什么奇怪的吗？而当你留下两名（非防守）中场球员来保护你的四后卫时，面对反击你自然难顶，这有什么奇怪的吗？

Let’s rewind to the first shot. United work the ball down in the left corner before moving it back to Wan-Bissaka at the top of the box.

让我们回到第一个镜头。曼联在左下角将球传给禁区弧顶的万比萨卡。

This sequence is quintessential Ten Hag. If last summer you had asked someone who had followed Ten Hag’s Ajax teams what you could expect from a Ten Hag side they would have said something along the lines of man-marking in midfield, counter-pressing when losing possession, and in possession overloads on one flank before quick switches to the other.

这个进攻组织是典型的滕嗨ball。去年夏天如果你问过一个关注过滕哈格的阿贾克斯球队的人，你对滕哈格的球队有什么期望，他们会说一些类似的话，比如在中场盯人，在失去球权时进行反击，在控球时在边路强侧制造人数过载，然后迅速切换到另一边弱侧。

We’ve seen those overloads plenty of times over the last season and a half and we’ve seen some nice goals be created from them. There are just two issues with how Ten Hag does them.

在过去的一个半赛季里，我们已经多次看到这种过载战术，我们已经看到他们创造了一些漂亮的进球。但滕哈格在这么搞的时候有两个问题。

As you can see here, United uses A LOT of players on these overloads.

正如你在这里看到的，曼联在这些过载战术下投入了很多球员。

At the start of this sequence, there are six players down on the left side of the pitch. The overload eventually leaves a player wide open at the top of the box.

在这个进攻里，球场左侧有六名球员。过载最终会让曼联的其他球员在禁区前不得不一个人覆盖过大的区域。当然也给这个球员大的空间和攻击机会（wide open）

But once again that player is right back Aaron Wan-Bissaka. There’s a whole bunch of players you would want at the top of the box before Wan-Bissaka but Ten Hag’s system requires them to help out on the overloads, while the fullback takes up the Paul Scholes central midfield position at the top of the box. That’s why time and time again we’ve been seeing these chances fall to Wan-Bissaka.

但那名球员又是右后卫万-比萨卡。如果选择占据禁区弧顶的人选，有一堆更合适的人选能排在小万前面，但滕哈格的体系，要求这些更合适的球员去帮助制造其他地方的局部人数优势。所以一个边后卫占据了本应该由保罗·斯科尔斯这样的球员占据的禁区顶部的中场位置。这就是为什么我们一次又一次地看到这些机会落在万-比萨卡身上。

This season despite being 16th in open play xG per shot, United are third in “big chances created.” They create these big chances off of these overloads. Their issue is Ten Hag’s system requires so many players to get forward and be involved in creating these big chances, if they don’t create one or don’t finish the chance, they’ve immediately left themselves vulnerable going the other way. It doesn’t matter if you’re a top-of-the-table team or a bottom-of-the-table team, when you play Manchester United you’re going to get chances because of this, and most teams have made United pay.

本赛季，尽管曼联在运动战每次射门的xG（xG/shot）仅仅排名联赛第16位，但在“创造绝佳机会”排名中排联赛第3。他们通过过载战术创造了这些绝佳机会。但问题是，滕哈格的体系要求如此多的球员参与局部进攻，不成功便成仁。如果曼联不能创造机会或没法完成破门，那就会立即露出破绽。不管对手是一支顶级球队还是一支垫底的鱼腩，当他们和曼联交手时，都会因此而获得反击机会，而且大多数球队都让曼联付出了代价。

That’s precisely what happened to Nottingham Forest’s winner. The sequence starts with United launching a counterattack following a set piece in their own end. It’s a counterattack, there aren’t supposed to be many players forward.

而这正是诺丁汉森林的赢球密码。这个球是曼联在防下对手的定位球后，从后场发动的反击。这是一次反击其实曼联不需要投入那么多进攻球员。

Alejandro Garnacho is not Marcus Rashford when it comes to getting behind defenses and running counterattacks but he manages to settle this ball down and lay it off for a strong shot from Christian Eriksen.

拉师傅的越位跑位，所以加纳乔横传做给了埃里克森，后者大力射门被守门员扑出。

Even though this was a counterattack, Ten Hag’s system lets everyone constantly bomb forward to the point that when Amad’s cutback is intercepted, United already has six players in the box.

尽管这个进攻是一次反击，但滕哈格的体系让每个人都能不断向前冲击，以至于当阿马德的内切被拦截时，曼联已经有6名球员在禁区内。

Off just one deflection, five of those United players are now behind the play, giving Forest a free run at United’s defense. The four players United have back were center backs Raphael Varane and Jonny Evans, left back Diogo Dalot, who is a right back and not known for his defense, and Scott McTominay, who is also not great at protecting the back four. Aaron Wan-Bissaka hustles to get back, but he’s got two men to deal with and chooses the one at the back post. Amid a whole stream of mistakes, no one picks up Morgan Gibbs-White or puts any pressure on the ball to prevent it from getting to him.

一个传球失误导致的球权转换，曼联的五名进攻球员在对手的反击中被甩开，这让森林的反击球员在曼联的防守中得到了自由奔跑的机会。曼联的四名后卫是中后卫瓦拉内和埃文斯，右后卫代打左后卫的达洛特，并不以防守著称，麦克托米奈也不擅长在后腰位置保护四后卫。万比萨卡急忙想回来，但他面前有两个人要对付，他选择了后门柱的那个。在一连串的失误中，没有人能对上吉布斯-怀特，也没有人对带球的爱兰加施加任何压力来阻止传球给吉布斯怀特。

For good measure, the first goal also came from tactics The Busby Babe has highlighted before. Even when things are settled down, United tends not to mark the wide man in dangerous areas.

第一个丢球也来自巴斯比宝贝（作者）之前强调过的战术问题。即使曼联已经延缓了对手的反击，曼联球员也往往不会在危险区域盯防边路球员。（译者：这个赛季我们丢过太多类似的进球，不逼抢盯人，比如对阿森纳的第一个）

In the buildup to the first goal we see several players being man-marked but no one is marking Anthony Elanga on the touchline. This is either by design or because Alejandro Garnacho doesn’t realize where Elanga is.

在第一个失球的buildup阶段，我们看到曼联的人盯人战术，但没有人在边线上盯防埃兰加。这要么是有意为之，要么是因为加纳乔没有意识到埃兰加在哪里。

We’ve seen this plenty of times before, particularly against Galatasaray where it cost United.

我们之前已经看到过很多次了，尤其是对阵加拉塔萨雷的比赛，曼联付出了代价。

The first time it only lead to Galatasaray’s best chance of the night in terms of xG.

第一次，还只是导致土耳其球队获得了全场最高的xG机会，没有被进球。

But 20 minutes later leaving the wide man open allowed a simple outlet and pass to set up the Turkish side’s equalizer.

但20分钟后，边路防守看戏，通过一次简单的传中球帮助土耳其队扳平比分。

On Saturday, once the ball is played out to Elanga, Diogo Dalot needs to leave his man to step up on the ball.

一旦球传给埃兰加，迪奥戈·达洛特需要离开他盯防球员换去盯防爱兰家。

That causes a chain reaction where Jonny Evans now has to leave his man to pick up the man Dalot vacated, especially after Elanga plays him in.

这引起了连锁反应，在埃兰加把球送进禁区后，埃文斯现在不得不离开他的人去接达洛特空出的人，。

In the middle Raphael Varane can’t leave his man, while there’s no one else around to pick up Nicolas Dominguez because all the midfielders are further up the pitch man-marking their men. That’s despite Erik Ten Hag’s public insistence that United totally doesn’t man-mark.

在中场，拉斐尔·瓦拉内不能离开他的人，而周围没有其他人可以去紧逼多明格斯，因为所有的中场球员都在球场上盯防他们的球员。尽管埃里克·滕哈格（Erik Ten Hag）公开坚持认为曼联不是人盯人战术。

After 20 games in the Premier League, only Sheffield United and Burnley have scored fewer goals than Manchester United. That’s not a fluke. That’s a direct result of a coach not utilizing the talent he has or putting them in a position to succeed. United are seventh in the table despite Erik Ten Hag. His tactics continue to put the wrong players in the most dangerous places while leaving the team exposed to direct attacks against them.

在英超联赛的20场比赛之后，只有谢联和伯恩利的进球数少于曼联，这不光是靠运气解释的。这是教练没有利用他所拥有的天赋或让他们处于成功地位的直接结果。尽管滕哈格的球队在积分榜仅仅排名第七。他的战术继续将错误的球员放在进攻位置，同时让球队暴露在对他们的直接攻击之下。

Erik Ten Hag has spoken about several key players returning to the team in January, but United’s most pressing need isn’t getting players back. It’s fixing the system. If Ten Hag doesn’t do that, United’s problems will continue.

虽然滕哈格谈到了几名关键球员将在一月份重返球队。但曼联最迫切的需求不是让球员回归，而是修改整套战术体系。如果滕哈格不这样做，曼联的问题将继续存在。

What will Ten Hag’s excuse be then?

到那个时候，滕哈格的借口又会是什么呢？